Visual Signals (FM 21-60)

Efficient combat operations depend on clear, accurate, and secure communication among ground units, Army aviation, and supporting Air Force elements. Control and coordination are achieved by the most rapid means of communication available between men and units. When electrical means of communication are inadequate, or not available, a station-to-station system of visual communication is an alternate means for transmitting order, information, or requests for aid and/or support. Through the use of arm-and-hand signals, flags, pyrotechnics, and other visual aids, message may be transmitted. Although many of these signals are widely used, incorporated into unit communications-electronics operating instructions and standing operating procedures, Army wide standardization will increase their effectiveness. The purpose of this manual is to standardize visual signals and to serve as a training reference. It is a guide. It does not cover all visual signals used in the Army, only those that are commonly used.